Unit of measurement MPa decoding. units of measurement

Quite often, when calculating the parameters of water supply or heating, it is required to convert bars to atm or atm to MPa, since various sources (reference books, technical literature, etc.) may indicate pressure values \u200b\u200bin different units of measurement. For convenience, we present you a summary table of converting pressure units:

Units	bar	mmHg.	mm water column	atm (physical)	kgf / m 2	kgf / cm 2 (technical. atm.)	Pa	kPa	MPa
1 bar	1	750,064	10197,16	0,986923	10,1972 ∙10 3	1,01972	10 5	100	0,1
1 mm Hg	1,33322 ∙10 -3	1	13,5951	1,31579 ∙10 -3	13,5951	13,5951 ∙10 -3	133,322	133,322 ∙10 -3	133,32 ∙10 -6
1 mm water column	98,0665 ∙10 -6	73,5561 ∙10 -3	1	96,7841 ∙10 -6	1	0,1 ∙10 -3	9,80665	9,80665 ∙10 -3	9,8066 ∙10 -6
1 atm	1,01325	760	10,3323 ∙10 3	1	10,3323 ∙10 3	1,03323	101,325 ∙10 3	101,325	101,32 ∙10 -3
1 kgf / m 2	98,0665 ∙10 -6	73,5561 ∙10 -3	1	96,7841 ∙10 -6	1	0,1 ∙10 -3	9,80665	9,80665 ∙10 -3	9,8066 ∙10 -6
1 kgf / cm 2	0,980665	735,561	10000	0,967841	10000	1	98,0665 ∙10 3	98,0665	98,066 ∙10 -3
1 Pa	10 -5	7,50064∙10 -3	0,1019716	9,86923 ∙10 -6	101,972 ∙10 -3	10,1972 ∙10 -6	1	10 -3	10 -6
1 kPa	0,01	7,50064	101,9716	9,86923 ∙10 -3	101,972	10,1972 ∙10 -3	10 3	1	10 -3
1 MPa	10	7,50064 ∙10 3	101971,6	9,86923	101,972 ∙10 3	10,1972	10 6	10 3	1

The SI system includes: Bar 1 bar \u003d 0.1 MPa 1 bar \u003d 10197.16 kgf / m2 1 bar \u003d 10 N / cm2 Pa 1 Pa \u003d 1000MPa 1 MPa \u003d 7500 mm. rt. Art. 1 MPa \u003d 106 N / m2					Engineering units: 1 mm Hg \u003d 13.6 mm wc 1 mm water column \u003d 0.0001kgf / cm2 1 mm water column \u003d 1 kgf / m2 1 atm \u003d 101.325 ∙ 103 Pa

Detailed list of pressure units:

1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0000102 Atmosphere (metric)
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0000099 Standard atmosphere Atmosphere (standard) \u003d Standard atmosphere
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.00001 Bar / Bar
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 10 Barad / Barad
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0007501 Centimeters Hg. Art. (0 ° C)
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0101974 Centimeters in. Art. (4 ° C)
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 10 Din / square centimeter
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0003346 Foot of water (4 ° C)
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 10 -9 Gigapascals
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.01 Hectopascals
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0002953 Dumov Hg. / Inch of mercury (0 ° C)
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0002961 Inch Hg. Art. / Inch of mercury (15.56 ° C)
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0040186 Dumov v.st. / Inch of water (15.56 ° C)
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0040147 Dumov v.st. / Inch of water (4 ° C)
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0000102 kgf / cm 2 / Kilogram force / centimetre 2
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0010197 kgf / dm 2 / Kilogram force / decimetre 2
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.101972 kgf / m 2 / Kilogram force / meter 2
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 10 -7 kgf / mm 2 / Kilogram force / millimeter 2
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 10 -3 kPa
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 10 -7 Kilopound force / square inch
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 10 -6 MPa
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.000102 Meters of water column / Meter of water (4 ° C)
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 10 Microbar / Microbar (barye, barrie)
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 7.50062 Microns of mercury. / Micron of mercury (millitorr)
1 Pa (N / m2) \u003d 0.01 Millibar / Millibar
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0075006 Millimeters of mercury / Millimeter of mercury (0 ° C)
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.10207 Millimeters w.c. / Millimeter of water (15.56 ° C)
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.10197 Millimeters w.c. / Millimeter of water (4 ° C)
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 7.5006 Millitorr / Millitorr
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 1N / m 2 / Newton / square meter
1 Pa (N / m2) \u003d 32.1507 Daily ounces / sq. inch / Ounce force (avdp) / square inch
1 Pa (N / m2) \u003d 0.0208854 Pounds-force per sq. foot / Pound force / square foot
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.000145 Pounds-force per sq. inch / Pound force / square inch
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.671969 Poundals per sq. foot / Poundal / square foot
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0046665 Poundals per sq. inch / Poundal / square inch
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0000093 Long tons per sq. foot / Ton (long) / foot 2
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 10 -7 Long tons per sq. inch / Ton (long) / inch 2
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0000104 Short tons per sq. foot / Ton (short) / foot 2
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 10 -7 Tons per sq. inch / Ton / inch 2
1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0075006 Torr / Torr

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1 megapascal [MPa] \u003d 10.1971621297793 kilogram-force per sq. centimeter [kgf / cm²]

Initial value

Converted value

pascal exapascal petapascal terapascal gigapascal megapascal kilopascal hectopascal decapascal decapascal santipascal millipascal micropascal nanopascal picopascal femtopascal attopascal newton per sq. meter newton per sq. centimeter newton per square meter millimeter kilonewtons per square meter meter bar millibar microbar dyne per sq. centimeter kilogram-force per sq. meter kilogram-force per sq. centimeter kilogram-force per sq. millimeter gram-force per square meter centimeter ton-force (short) per sq. ft ton-force (short) per sq. inch ton-force (dl) per sq. ft ton-force (long) per sq. inch kilopound-force per square foot inch kilopound-force per square foot in lbf / sq. ft lbf / sq. inch psi poundal per sq. foot torr centimeter mercury (0 ° C) millimeter mercury (0 ° C) inch mercury (32 ° F) inch mercury (60 ° F) centimeter water column (4 ° C) mm wg. column (4 ° C) inH2O column (4 ° C) foot of water (4 ° C) inch of water (60 ° F) foot of water (60 ° F) technical atmosphere physical atmosphere decibar walls per square meter piezoe of barium (barium) Planck pressure meter seawater feet sea \u200b\u200bwater (at 15 ° C) water meter. column (4 ° C)

More about pressure

General information

In physics, pressure is defined as the force acting per unit surface area. If two equal forces act on one large and one smaller surface, then the pressure on the smaller surface will be greater. Agree, it is much more terrible if the owner of the stiletto heels steps on your feet than the owner of the sneakers. For example, if you press down on a tomato or carrot with a sharp knife, the vegetable will be cut in half. The surface area of \u200b\u200bthe blade in contact with the vegetable is small, so the pressure is high enough to cut the vegetable. If you press with the same force on a tomato or carrot with a blunt knife, then, most likely, the vegetable will not be cut, since the surface area of \u200b\u200bthe knife is now larger, which means the pressure is less.

In SI, pressure is measured in pascals, or newtons per square meter.

Relative pressure

Sometimes pressure is measured as the difference between absolute and atmospheric pressure. This pressure is called relative or gauge and it is it that is measured, for example, when checking the pressure in car tires... Gauges often, though not always, show exactly the relative pressure.

Atmosphere pressure

Atmospheric pressure is the air pressure at a given location. It usually refers to the pressure of a column of air per unit surface area. A change in atmospheric pressure affects weather and air temperature. People and animals suffer from severe pressure drops. Low blood pressure causes problems of varying severity in humans and animals, from mental and physical discomfort to fatal illness. For this reason, airplane cockpits are kept above atmospheric pressure at a given altitude, because atmospheric pressure at cruising altitude is too low.

Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude. People and animals living high in the mountains, such as the Himalayas, adapt to these conditions. Travelers, on the other hand, must take the necessary precautions so as not to fall ill due to the fact that the body is not used to such low pressure. Climbers, for example, can get sick with altitude sickness associated with a lack of oxygen in the blood and oxygen starvation of the body. This disease is especially dangerous if you are in the mountains for a long time. An exacerbation of altitude sickness leads to serious complications such as acute mountain sickness, high-altitude pulmonary edema, high-altitude cerebral edema, and the most acute form of mountain sickness. The danger of altitude and mountain diseases begins at an altitude of 2400 meters above sea level. To avoid altitude sickness, doctors advise not to use depressants such as alcohol and sleeping pills, drink plenty of fluids, and climb gradually, for example, on foot rather than by transport. It is also beneficial to eat a lot of carbohydrates, and to rest well, especially if the climb is fast. These measures will allow the body to get used to oxygen deprivation caused by low atmospheric pressure. If you follow these guidelines, the body can make more red blood cells to transport oxygen to the brain and internal organs... For this, the body will increase the pulse and respiratory rate.

First aid in such cases is provided immediately. It is important to move the patient to a lower altitude where the atmospheric pressure is higher, preferably to an altitude lower than 2400 meters above sea level. Medicines and portable hyperbaric chambers are also used. These are lightweight, portable chambers that can be pressurized with a foot pump. An altitude sickness patient is placed in a chamber that maintains a pressure corresponding to a lower altitude. Such a camera is used only for first aid, after which the patient must be lowered below.

Some athletes use low blood pressure to improve circulation. Usually for this, training takes place in normal conditions, and these athletes sleep in a low pressure environment. Thus, their bodies become accustomed to high altitude conditions and begin to produce more red blood cells, which, in turn, increases the amount of oxygen in the blood, and allows them to achieve better results in sports. For this, special tents are produced, the pressure in which is regulated. Some athletes even change the pressure in the entire bedroom, but sealing the bedroom is an expensive process.

Spacesuits

Pilots and astronauts have to work in a low pressure environment, so they work in spacesuits that compensate for the low environmental pressure. Space suits completely protect a person from the environment. They are used in space. Altitude compensation suits are used by pilots at high altitudes - they help the pilot to breathe and counteract low barometric pressure.

Hydrostatic pressure

Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure of a fluid caused by gravity. This phenomenon plays a huge role not only in technology and physics, but also in medicine. For example, blood pressure is the hydrostatic pressure of blood against the walls of blood vessels. Blood pressure is the pressure in the arteries. It is represented by two values: systolic, or highest pressure, and diastolic, or lowest pressure during heartbeat. Blood pressure monitors are called sphygmomanometers or tonometers. The unit of blood pressure is taken in millimeters of mercury.

The Pythagorean mug is an entertaining vessel that uses hydrostatic pressure, specifically the principle of a siphon. According to legend, Pythagoras invented this cup to control the amount of wine consumed. According to other sources, this cup was supposed to control the amount of water drunk during a drought. Inside the mug is a curved U-shaped tube hidden under the dome. One end of the tube is longer and ends with a hole in the leg of the mug. The other, shorter end, is connected by a hole to the inner bottom of the mug so that water in the cup fills the tube. The principle of the mug is similar to that of a modern toilet cistern. If the level of the liquid rises above the level of the tube, the liquid flows into the other half of the tube and flows out due to the hydrostatic pressure. If the level, on the contrary, is lower, then the mug can be safely used.

Geology pressure

Pressure is an important concept in geology. Formation of precious stones, both natural and artificial, is impossible without pressure. High pressure and high temperature are also necessary for the formation of oil from the remains of plants and animals. Unlike gemstones, which are mainly formed in rocks, oil forms at the bottom of rivers, lakes, or seas. Over time, more and more sand accumulates over these remains. The weight of water and sand presses on the remains of animals and plant organisms. Over time, this organic material sinks deeper and deeper into the earth, reaching several kilometers below the earth's surface. Temperatures rise by 25 ° C for every kilometer below the earth's surface, so temperatures reach 50–80 ° C at depths of several kilometers. Depending on the temperature and temperature difference in the formation medium, natural gas can form instead of oil.

Natural gems

The formation of gemstones is not always the same, but pressure is one of the main components of this process. For example, diamonds are formed in the Earth's mantle, under conditions of high pressure and high temperature. During volcanic eruptions, diamonds are transported to the upper layers of the Earth's surface thanks to magma. Some diamonds come to Earth from meteorites, and scientists believe they formed on Earth-like planets.

Synthetic gemstones

The production of synthetic gemstones began in the 1950s and has been gaining popularity in recent years. Some buyers prefer natural gemstones, but artificial gemstones are becoming more and more popular due to the low cost and lack of problems associated with mining natural gemstones. For example, many buyers choose synthetic gemstones because their extraction and sale is not associated with human rights violations, child labor and the financing of wars and armed conflicts.

One of the technologies for growing diamonds in the laboratory is the method of growing crystals at high pressure and high temperature. In special devices, carbon is heated to 1000 ° C and subjected to a pressure of about 5 gigapascals. Typically, a small diamond is used as the seed crystal, and graphite is used for the carbon base. A new diamond grows from it. This is the most common method for growing diamonds, especially as gemstones, due to its low cost. The properties of diamonds grown in this way are the same or better than those of natural stones. The quality of synthetic diamonds depends on the method of growing them. Compared to natural diamonds, which are most often transparent, most artificial diamonds are colored.

Due to their hardness, diamonds are widely used in manufacturing. In addition, their high thermal conductivity, optical properties and resistance to alkalis and acids are appreciated. Cutting tools are often coated with diamond dust, which is also used in abrasives and materials. Most of the diamonds in production are of artificial origin due to the low price and because the demand for such diamonds exceeds the ability to mine them in nature.

Some companies offer services to create memorial diamonds from the ashes of the dead. To do this, after cremation, the ashes are cleaned until carbon is obtained, and then a diamond is grown on its basis. Manufacturers advertise these diamonds as a memory of the departed, and their services are popular, especially in countries with a large percentage of wealthy citizens, such as the USA and Japan.

High pressure and high temperature crystal growing method

The high pressure, high temperature crystal growth method is mainly used to synthesize diamonds, but more recently, this method has helped to refine natural diamonds or change their color. Different presses are used to grow diamonds artificially. The most expensive to maintain and the most difficult of them is the cube press. It is mainly used to enhance or change the color of natural diamonds. Diamonds grow in the press at a rate of about 0.5 carats per day.

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1 megapascal [MPa] \u003d 0.101971621297793 kilogram-force per sq. millimeter [kgf / mm²]

Initial value

Converted value

More about pressure

General information

In SI, pressure is measured in pascals, or newtons per square meter.

Relative pressure

Sometimes pressure is measured as the difference between absolute and atmospheric pressure. This pressure is called relative or gauge and it is it that is measured, for example, when checking the pressure in car tires. Gauges often, though not always, show exactly the relative pressure.

Atmosphere pressure

Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude. People and animals living high in the mountains, such as the Himalayas, adapt to these conditions. Travelers, on the other hand, must take the necessary precautions so as not to fall ill due to the fact that the body is not used to such low pressure. Climbers, for example, can get sick with altitude sickness associated with a lack of oxygen in the blood and oxygen starvation of the body. This disease is especially dangerous if you are in the mountains for a long time. An exacerbation of altitude sickness leads to serious complications such as acute mountain sickness, high-altitude pulmonary edema, high-altitude cerebral edema, and the most acute form of mountain sickness. The danger of altitude and mountain diseases begins at an altitude of 2400 meters above sea level. To avoid altitude sickness, doctors advise not to use depressants such as alcohol and sleeping pills, drink plenty of fluids, and climb gradually, for example, on foot rather than by transport. It is also beneficial to eat a lot of carbohydrates, and to rest well, especially if the climb is fast. These measures will allow the body to get used to oxygen deprivation caused by low atmospheric pressure. If you follow these guidelines, your body can make more red blood cells to transport oxygen to your brain and internal organs. For this, the body will increase the pulse and respiratory rate.

Spacesuits

Hydrostatic pressure

Geology pressure

Natural gems

Synthetic gemstones

High pressure and high temperature crystal growing method

1 megapascal [MPa] \u003d 10 bar [bar]

Initial value

Converted value

Specific heat

More about pressure

General information

In SI, pressure is measured in pascals, or newtons per square meter.

Relative pressure

Sometimes pressure is measured as the difference between absolute and atmospheric pressure. This pressure is called relative or gauge and it is it that is measured, for example, when checking the pressure in car tires. Gauges often, though not always, show exactly the relative pressure.

Atmosphere pressure

Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude. People and animals living high in the mountains, such as the Himalayas, adapt to these conditions. Travelers, on the other hand, must take the necessary precautions so as not to fall ill due to the fact that the body is not used to such low pressure. Climbers, for example, can get sick with altitude sickness associated with a lack of oxygen in the blood and oxygen starvation of the body. This disease is especially dangerous if you are in the mountains for a long time. An exacerbation of altitude sickness leads to serious complications such as acute mountain sickness, high-altitude pulmonary edema, high-altitude cerebral edema, and the most acute form of mountain sickness. The danger of altitude and mountain diseases begins at an altitude of 2400 meters above sea level. To avoid altitude sickness, doctors advise not to use depressants such as alcohol and sleeping pills, drink plenty of fluids, and climb gradually, for example, on foot rather than by transport. It is also beneficial to eat a lot of carbohydrates, and to rest well, especially if the climb is fast. These measures will allow the body to get used to oxygen deprivation caused by low atmospheric pressure. If you follow these guidelines, your body can make more red blood cells to transport oxygen to your brain and internal organs. For this, the body will increase the pulse and respiratory rate.

Spacesuits

Hydrostatic pressure

Geology pressure

Natural gems

Synthetic gemstones

High pressure and high temperature crystal growing method

Pressure is a quantity that is equal to the force acting strictly perpendicularly per unit surface area. Calculated by the formula: P \u003d F / S... The international system of calculus assumes the measurement of such a quantity in pascals (1 Pa is equal to the force of 1 newton per square meter, N / m2). But since this is a sufficiently small pressure, measurements are more often indicated in kPa or MPa... It is customary in various industries to use their own calculation systems, in the automotive, pressure can be measured: in bars, atmospheres, kilograms of force per cm² (technical atmosphere), mega pascal or pounds per square inch (psi).

For a quick conversion of units of measurement, one should be guided by the following relationship of values \u200b\u200bto each other:

1 MPa \u003d 10 bar;

100 kPa \u003d 1 bar;

1 bar ≈ 1 atm;

3 atm \u003d 44 psi;

1 PSI ≈ 0.07 kgf / cm²;

1 kgf / cm² \u003d 1 at.

Pressure unit ratio table
The quantity	MPa	bar	atm	kgf / cm2	psi	at
1 MPa	1	10	9,8692	10,197	145,04	10.19716
1 bar	0,1	1	0,9869	1,0197	14,504	1.019716
1 atm (physical atmosphere)	0,10133	1,0133	1	1,0333	14,696	1.033227
1 kgf / cm2	0,098066	0,98066	0,96784	1	14,223	1
1 PSI (lb / in²)	0,006894	0,06894	0,068045	0,070307	1	0.070308
1 at (technical atmosphere)	0.098066	0.980665	0.96784	1	14.223	1

Why do you need a pressure unit conversion calculator

The online calculator will allow you to quickly and accurately convert values \u200b\u200bfrom one pressure unit to another. Such a conversion can be useful to car owners when measuring the compression in the engine, when checking the pressure in the fuel line, pumping tires to the required value (very often it is necessary translate PSI into atmospheres or MPa to bar when checking the pressure), refueling the air conditioner with freon. Since the scale on the pressure gauge can be in one system of calculation, and in the instructions in a completely different one, it often becomes necessary to translate bars into kilograms, megapascals, kilogram of force per square centimeter, technical or physical atmospheres. Or, if you want a result in the English system of calculus, then pound-force per square inch (lbf in²) in order to exactly match the required guidelines.

How to use an online calculator

In order to use the instant transfer of one pressure value to another and find out how much bar will be in MPa, kgf / cm², atm or psi, you need:

In the list on the left, select the unit of measurement with which you want to perform the conversion;
In the right list, set the unit into which the conversion will be performed;
Immediately after entering a number in either of the two fields, a "result" appears. So you can translate both from one value to another and vice versa.

For example, in the first field the number 25 was entered, then depending on the selected unit, you will calculate how many bars, atmospheres, megapascals, kilogram of force produced per cm² or pound-force per square inch. When this same value was put into another (right) field, the calculator will calculate the inverse ratio of the selected physical pressure values.